Analog signal & Digital signal In some conventional electronic circuits—for example, rectifiers made of p-n junctions or amplifier circuits made of transistors—the voltage or current signal sent can be varied
NOT Gate A NOT gate has a single input voltage or signal and a single output voltage or signal like any other. This gate is called a NOT gate because
AND Gate An AND gate has two or more input voltages or signals and a single output voltage or signal like any other gate. This gate is called an AND
Logic Gates A gate is a type of digital circuit that has one or more input voltages, but only one output voltage. OR gate, AND gate, and NOT gate are
Oscillator Definition: A device that converts a direct current or an uncontrolled alternating current into an alternating signal of a specific frequency is called an oscillator. Feedback Let the voltage
Transistor In 1947 John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain invented the transistor. The most common of the various forms of transistors is the Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT. It
Zener diode When a typical semiconductor diode is reverse biased, a minimal amount of saturated reverse current flows through it due to the flow of minority carriers, i.e., thermal electrons
p-n Junction Definition: When one part of a semiconductor crystal is p-type and the other n-type by reverse doping, the crystal is called a p-n junction. A p-n junction is
Impure or extrinsic semiconductor Definition: By carefully mixing a few special impurities with a pure semiconductor, the semiconductor’s electrical conductivity increases manifold. This is called an impure or extrinsic semiconductor.
Conduction of electricity in solids The molecules or atoms of crystalline solids are arranged in a regular pattern in a three-dimensional space. This design is called a lattice. Any lattice
